Obesity is a medical condition in which a person has excess body fat, which are harmful to health. the doctor measures obesity with the help of body mass index.BMI is based on a person’s height and weight. if bmi 30 or more 30 it means a person is suffering from diabetes.
The obesity rate in America
According to centers for disease control and Prevention –
In America The prevalence of obesity stood at 19.7, impacting approximately 14.7 million children and adolescents. among different age groups, obesity prevalence was 12.7 among 2-to 5-year-olds,20.75% among 6 to 11-year-olds and 22.2 % among 12 to 19-year-olds.
Types of obesity-
1-Generalized obesity-
it is a common type of obesity in which excess body fat is distributed all over the body including arms, belly, legs, and face muscles.
some factors are responsible for this type of obesity like lifestyle, environment, and genes.
2-Android obesity-
android obesity is also known as apple-shaped or central obesity. this type of obesity is more common in men. It increases the risk of metabolic disorders and heart disease. this type of patient sometimes suffers from constipation, gas, and indigestion.
3-Metabolically healthy us metabolic unhealthy obesity-
some people consider metabolically healthy because they do not have these problems such as cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high BMI. those people who are fit should not worry about healthy metabolic obesity.
1 Metabolic unhealthy obesity-
These types of diabetic people suffer from no of problems such as unhealthy cholesterol levels, high bp, cardiovascular disease, or a metabolic disorder.
4-Childhood obesity-
it affects those children and teenagers who have an excess amount of body fat deposited to the whole body, it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, knee problems, headaches, and depression.
How is obesity classified according to BMI?
| Class | BmI |
| class 1 | 30.0 to 34.9 |
| class 2 | 35.0 to 39.9 |
| class 3 | 40 or higher |
What is the sign and symptoms of obesity?
Weight gain-primary doctor checks Body mass index (BMI), which is calculated using an individual’s weight and height.
-increase body weight imbalance occurs between calorie intake and calorie expenditure.
Breathlessness-people with obesity feel difficulty breathing during physical work and feel tired during continuous working load.
Increased sweating-people with obesity experience more and more sweating while working.
Skin problems -it including such as skin infections, stretch marks, rashes, and chafing on the skin.
What are the causes of obesity?
1-Eating too much-consuming more food than your body requires, and eating food that has high calories and is unhealthy can lead to overweight and obesity
2-Stress and emotion-some people take food without feeling hungry and take food while they feel bored and feel lazy so that time extra fat deposits into the body.
3 Lack of sleep– some people have poor sleep and overnight shift so that time their hormonal system disturb the next day while they are going to sleep at different times sleeping hormones (melatonin)are not secreted properly.
Irregular sleep patterns can also disrupt the production of another hormone such as cortisol, which plays a role in managing stress and energy levels.
What are obesity screening and counselling?
- BMI -doctor calculates your weight and height according to your body mass index.and noted your normal weight, overweight,or underweight and prescribed treatment for obesity.
- Measurement-physician checks your full body measurement,
- primary check up-doctor checks your blood pressure, family history, and physical assessment.
- Counselling for obesity– counsellor noted down the history of the patient, provide motivation and encouragement, try to change the eating habit of the patient, change unhealthy habits and make a daily routine plan for weight management.
- Result discussion talk to you about the risk of being overweight and explain the risk.
- Further steps-healthcare suggest more test such as lipid profile, blood test, creatinin, thyroid test, and referring to specialists for a more detailed weight management plan.
Treatment-
Allopathy treatment for obesity-
Phentermine-topiramate combination: phentermine and topiramate combination are useful for decreasing appetite and promoting feelings of fullness. It requires prescription and healthcare advice
Liraglutide- This medicine is developed for type 2 diabetes but has recently it approved for weight management purposes.it comes under the category of drugs known as Glp-1 receptor agonists, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Liraglutide works by mimicking the effects of a naturally occurring hormone in the body called glucagon-like peptide 1. It acts on the receptors in the brain that control appetite, decreasing hunger and an increased feeling of fullness.