Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects how your body uses sugar (glucose) in the blood. Your body needs glucose as an energy source, which you get from the food you eat.
The pancreas secretes insulin, which helps the body use glucose for energy.
When you have diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough insulin or use it properly. This causes blood glucose levels to rise, which over time can damage other organs including your eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart and cause various health issues.
Types of diabetes-
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
This type of diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body cannot produce the insulin needed to get glucose into cells and use it for energy.
Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body develops insulin resistance and cannot produce enough insulin to meet the body’s needs.
Gestational diabetes-
It occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery. Gestational diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin to meet the increased demand during pregnancy.
Pre-diabetes-
Prediabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are slightly above average. Prediabetes increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and lifestyle changes such as healthy eating and exercise can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Monogenic diabetes-
Monogenic diabetes is a rare form of diabetes caused by a mutation in a single gene. This type of diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood and can be treated with drugs that target specific gene mutations.
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a type of diabetes that can occur in people with cystic fibrosis. CFRD is pancreatic damage, that affects insulin production. People with CFRD need insulin therapy to control their blood sugar levels.
Drug-induced diabetes-
Some type 2 diabetes is caused by an underlying medical condition such as pancreatitis or Cushing’s syndrome, which affects insulin production or the body’s ability to use insulin Treatment of type 2 diabetes involves the management of the underlying condition the solution of the.
LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults)
LADA is a type of diabetes that has characteristics of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is usually seen in adults over the age of 30 and is caused by the immune system progressively destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas People with LADA may initially be treated with oral medications, but end absolutely require insulin therapy.
MODY (Young Onset Diabetes)-
MODY is a rare congenital form of diabetes most commonly diagnosed in young people and children. It is caused by mutations in several genes that affect insulin production and secretion. Depending on the specific gene mutation involved, people with MODY can be treated with oral medication or insulin therapy.
Neonatal diabetes mellitus
Neonatal diabetes is a rare form of diabetes diagnosed within the first 6 months of life. It is a genetic mutation that affects insulin production, and babies with neonatal diabetes need insulin therapy to control their blood sugar levels
Diabetes insipidus-
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that affects the body’s ability to regulate fluid balances is due to a lack of diuretic hormone (ADH), which normally helps the kidneys retain water. Diabetes insipidus is not related to diabetes mellitus, which is the most common form of diabetes.
Steroid-induced diabetes-
Steroid-induced diabetes is a type of diabetes that can develop as a consequence of long-term steroid use. Steroids can cause insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, causing blood sugar to rise. Treatment may include steroid changes or diabetes medication.
Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes-
Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) is a rare form of diabetes that is caused by chronic inflammation of the pancreas. It is most prevalent in developing countries and is associated with malnutrition and poisoning. People with FCPD have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
Painful or numb hands-Diabetes can damage nerves, causing numbness or numbness in hands or feet.
It is important to note that not everyone with diabetes will experience all of these symptoms, and some people with diabetes have no symptoms at all
weight loss_ Losing weight without effort can be a sign of diabetes. When the body can no longer use glucose for energy, it begins to destroy fat and muscle tissue, leading to weight loss.
Fruity-scented breath: High blood sugar levels can give breath a fruity or sweet smell.
Headaches: Fluctuations in blood sugar levels can cause headaches and headaches.
Signs and symptoms–
Increased appetite: If you are constantly hungry even after eating, it could be diabetes. When the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or use it properly, it can’t convert glucose into energy, leading to increased hunger.
Increased thirst and urination: Feeling thirsty and frequent urination can be a symptom of diabetes. When blood sugar levels are high, the kidneys work hard to filter and absorb excess glucose, causing urine to rise.
Blurred vision: Diabetes can cause changes in the shape of the lens in your eye, causing blurred vision. If you are seeing better, it is important to see an eye doctor.
Slow-cut healing: High blood sugar levels can cause slow wound healing. , can be a sign of diabetes. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels, poor blood flow and delay healing.
Fatigue and muscle weakness: Feeling tired or weak can be a sign of diabetes, as high blood sugar levels can cause muscle fatigue and weakness
Painful or numb hands: Diabetes can damage nerves, causing numbness or numbness in hands or feet.
It is important to note that not everyone with diabetes will experience all of these symptoms, and some people with diabetes have no symptoms at all
Weight loss: Losing weight without effort can be a sign of diabetes. When the body can no longer use glucose for energy, it begins to destroy fat and muscle tissue, leading to weight loss.
Fruity-scented breath: High blood sugar levels can give breath a fruity or sweet smell.
Headaches: Fluctuations in blood sugar levels can cause headaches and headaches.
Genetics: Risk is increased if a parent or sibling has diabetes.
Causes of diabetes-
Obesity– Being overweight or obese is a significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Excess body fat makes it harder for the body to use insulin properly, causing blood sugar levels to rise.
Sedentary lifestyle– Lack of physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle can also increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Regular exercise helps the body regulate insulin and can help regulate blood sugar levels.
Gestational diabetes– Women who develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy have an increased lifetime risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Poor diet– A diet high in processed foods, sugar and refined carbohydrates can contribute to diabetes. A diet rich in whole foods, fruits, vegetables, and lean protein can help prevent or manage diabetes.
Age– The risk of developing diabetes increases with age. Type 2 diabetes is common in people over the age of 45, although it is more common in young people.
Medications– Some medications, such as corticosteroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of diabetes.
Medical conditions-Certain medical conditions such as pancreatitis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and Cushing’s disease can increase the risk of diabetes.
Treatment-
Allopathy-
Allopathic treatment of diabetes depends on the type and severity of the condition.
Insulin therapy is the mainstay of allopathic treatment of type 1 diabetes. Insulin is administered through an injection or an insulin pump to control blood sugar levels. The dosage and frequency of insulin is tailored to the patient’s individual needs, based on factors such as age, weight, and level of physical activity Type 1 diabetics should also monitor blood sugar levels which are generally in their blood and follow a healthy diet and exercise.
Initial treatment for type 2 diabetes usually includes lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and weight loss. If these lifestyle changes are not enough to control blood sugar levels, oral medications such as metformin may be prescribed. in. People with type 2 diabetes need to control their blood sugar levels and follow a healthy lifestyle.
Non-insulin medications and oral medications can be used to help manage diabetes. For example, GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors can help lower blood sugar levels and promote weight loss. SGLT2 inhibitors may help control blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.
Regular blood sugar control in the case of diabetes is an important part of the management of diabetes. This may include daily fingerprinting or the use of a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system. Diabetics should also work closely with their healthcare team to develop an individualized treatment plan that takes into account their medical history, lifestyle and personal preferences.